IPC 153AA: Promoting Enmity on Grounds of Religion, Race, etc. – Indian Penal Code

1. State the Code

Section 153AA of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) deals with the offense of promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste, or community, and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.

2. Explain it

This section aims to prevent the incitement of hatred and violence against any group based on their identity. It specifically targets individuals who intentionally promote feelings of hostility, ill-will, or enmity between different groups. The code recognizes that such actions can lead to unrest and disturbance of public order.

Key elements of this offense include:

• Promoting enmity: This includes any act or speech that creates animosity or hostility between groups.
• Grounds of religion, race, etc.: The enmity must be based on one or more of the specified grounds.
• Acts prejudicial to harmony: The actions must be likely to disrupt public peace and harmony.
• Intention: The accused must have intended to promote enmity or cause harm.

3. Illustrate it

Here are some examples of actions that may fall under IPC 153AA:

• Spreading false and inflammatory rumors about a particular community on social media.
• Giving hate speeches that incite violence against a religious group.
• Publishing articles or content that promotes racial discrimination.
• Displaying symbols or slogans that incite hatred against a caste.

4. Common Questions and Answers

Q: What is the punishment for violating IPC 153AA?

A: The punishment for violating IPC 153AA can range from imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, to a fine, or both.

Q: Can someone be punished for expressing their opinion if it offends a particular group?

A: While the law prohibits promoting enmity, it does not restrict freedom of speech altogether. The key difference lies in the intention. Expressing an opinion is protected, but intentionally inciting hatred and violence against a group is punishable.

Q: Does this code apply to online content?

A: Yes, IPC 153AA applies to all forms of communication, including online platforms like social media and websites.